Who controls a club. Not how much it may spend.
50+1 is a German rule about who controls a club. It is not a spending rule. The league association’s statutes generally require the parent club to retain a majority of voting rights in the company that runs the professional team. Special provisions apply to some company forms.
Who Gets to Spend, chapter 9, uses the comparison to answer who exercises authority. It does not establish how much the club can spend, or how easily it can rise. Those are different questions, and the essay keeps them apart.
This page is an explainer. It is not a finding about any club.